The Excesses in Authorities & Its Effects on the Disagreement of Scientists

This study is concerned with one of the most important issues in (Al-Hadeeth) terms, which is the excess in the authorities issue. In the first chapter of this study, it explained the meaning & reality of what’s called the (Appropriation), which means after all that one narrates (Single narrator) exclusively a certain text without anyone else shares this narration with him. The chapter talked also about the importance of this (Appropriation) in order to know the several modifications, disorders of Al-Hadeeth and also the relationship between (Appropriations) and (Irregularity). In the second chapter, the study explained the meaning of excess that might happen in the text of Al-hadeeth (Al-matn), which means that one harrater mentions a word or a sentence which is never mentioned by anybody else elsewhere. The scientists disagreed in the judgment of this kind of excess in many various ways, some accepted it absolutely and some others accepted it with some conditions and restrictions, a third group of them have gone into details and said that those excesses might be accepted in some positions and rejected in some others, and this approval or rejection depends on the different inferences (in the context) and also on the predominates (Possibilities) which are very variable. About the excess in Al-Sanad (Chain of narrators of a certain Hadeeth), means the disagreement of a group of these narrators in the relating of (Al-Hadeeth) or sending or raising or even pause it. Scientists also disagreed in the judgment is for he who sends this Hadeeth or pauses it (Which means the rejection of this excess). Some others said that the judgment is for he who relies it (to the source) and raises it (which means to accept the excess), another group agreed on that the judgment is for the majority, others gave it to those who are considered the most memorizing by heart, and there also found some others who said with not giving any absolute judgments for any of the previous, and that the whole matter just depends on the context, inferences, and possibilities. In the third chapter, the study talked about some jurisprudential issues on which scientists disagreed so much, that was due to their disagreement originally on accepting or rejecting the different authorities. The study showed that most scientists preponderate predominate both raising & relying on pausing sending, because they consider the former to come from (by) those with more knowledge and science.