المعايير التخطيطية في تطوير المدارس، حالة دراسية لمحافظة رام الله والبيرة

It is apparent to many of the planners and those who study the service sectors of the demographical communities that the most important of those sectors is the education sector. This sector is a main and essential one since it serves a large category of the population. So it needs more development and continuous effort in order to achieve the best standards applied in the developed countries; such standards include the location of the educational institution, the distance between the student's residence and that institution, the space allocated for the student(nQ/student), either in the classroom or in the yards, the size and level of schools (basic, secondary), and provision of infrastructure services such as; electricity, sewerage network, fresh water, telephone, transport and other standards to be achieved in the Palestinian schools. Therefore it was necessary to conduct a study an that important educational sector by a researcher. So the necessary data were collected through field surveys on all schools of Ramallah and Al-Bireh governorate which the researcher visited. After the standards applied in those schools had been identified, they were compared kith the international standards applied in the foreign developed counties and Arab countries in Asia and Africa. The results given by the study are as follows: It was found that(l.9 %)of secondary schools and(l.3 %) of the basic schools are in compliance with the standard of the total area of schools land; (7.6 %)of the secondary schools and (1 1.7 %) of the basic schools are in compliance with the standard of the space allocated for the student from the total area of school land. It was also fcand that (22.8 %)of the basic schools and (9.5 %)of the secondary schools are in compliance with the standard of the area allocated for the student from the classroom~. But for the standard of the number of students in schools it was found that most of the schools are in compliance with this standard; and it was found that in (5 1.3 YO) of the basic schools and (39.55 %) of the secondary, the student walks a distance more than the distance limited according to the international standards, and this percentage may increase in the light of the urban development in most of the demographic communities. It was found that (39) demographic communities need for completion of the basic stage in their schools where the students go a distance ranging from (2-4)km for learning in neighboring communities; it was found that (63) communities need for completion the secondary stage or creating this stage in their schools where the students go a distance ranging from(2 -16) km for learning in neighboring communities. But for the services of infrastructure, it was found that these services are available in most of the schools except the sewerage network and the telephone network, and about (7) communities need to be linked to fresh water network. It was also found that (79.7 %) of the basic schools and (75 %) of the secondary schools belong to the state, and the share of the student from the total area of the school land in the basic schools and secondary schools is(19 m2) and (28m2) respectively; but the share of the student from the building area is (1.3 m2)and (1.2 m2) respectively. The number of students in basic schools is ranging from (5) - (800) students and in the secondary schools from (100) - (900) students. The researcher suggested that the share of the student in the building area should be (2.8-5)m2 and the number of the students in the class should be (36 - 40 ) students as maximum; the total area of the school land should be (5000 -13500) m2 as minimum from which the share of the student should be (10-28) m2 . The researcher also suggested that the number of the students should not exceed (1000) students, and the distance which the student goes in the junior basic schools should not exceed (800) m, and the senior basic schools this distance should not exceed (1200) m. And in the secondary schools, this distance should not exceed (2000) m. The researcher presented many recommendations, if applied they will make a development in the schools of the governorate. These recommendations are relating the new school buildings, rehabilitation of the existing schools, periodical maintenance, allocating appropriate budgets, seeking to establish a data base and educational map for all schools, using the raw-material available in the surrounding environment and establishing a national center for school buildings to serve the developmental policy of this sector with emphasis on establishing a special unit for the school land and seeking to procure it.