Ali Bin Mohammed AL-Mada'ni And His Role In Writing The History

Al-Mada 'ni was Ali Bin Mohammed Bin Abdullah Bin Abi sif , he was nicknamed Abi L-Hasan. his loyally was Qurashi, as he was loyalist to Samra Ibn Abd-rahman Ibn Habeeb Bin Abd Shams Al-Qurashi . lie was born in Al-basra in 135Hijri, it was expected that he grow up in Al-basra his hirth place, then moved to Al-Mada 'en to it he descended, then moved to Baghdad where he stayed till he died in 228 hijri, while sources didn 't mention his movement date from Al-Basra to Al-Mada 'en and from Al- Mada 'n 10 Baghdad or the period he he spent here or there. AL-Mada 'ni was very devoted to Ibrahim Al-Mousli, the poet and singer to the Caliphs and Ministers. so, he benefited from him scientifically, financially and socially. Sources indicated that he was related to the Caliph ALMammon through his several meetings with him. Despite that he had no political activity. During his last decade of his life, Al-mada 'ni tended to asceticism as he practtsed fasting and worshipping to agreat extent. Al-mada 'ni was distinguished by his abundant scientific produce, it li'as shown that he classified 256 papers and books, But, Alas, we haven't received except two books ou.t of them, they are :the book of Al.-Tazi and the Book of Al.-Mordafat . This study took interest in collecting all his historical traces from its original sources which maintained them, so the number of historical narrations was 5236 ones. These narrations were classified according to the subject and the succession of time, then comparing the news when it arrived in more sources .and fixing it in the earliest one, while the differences were fixed in the margins .It was noticed that Al-Mada 'ni dealt with the Islamic history through the universal history as he talked about the beginning (the human termj.till Al-watheq period(227- 232)Hijri ,through this he showed the first interest in the Islamic period especially the Ommayad and Abbassi, that is, the center of the world history is the Islamic history, this was shown by the major historians, especially AL- Tabari in 310 hijri. Obviously, Al-Mada 'ni was aware of the movement of history and its understanding is related to the social, literary and political situations and to the nation activities. Then he took interest in all these fields. What increased the importance of his narrations, is that he took them from different Islamic countries, as the history school was influenced by Al-Hadeeth school in the third century Hijri, we noticed that he took interest in the attribution in a clear way, So, all his narrations were attributed. Al-Mada 'ni was introduced as critic and scrutinizer, in the negation through his interference in the negation, fixing or clearing the news. Al-Mada 'ni was educated by group of AL-hadeeth scientists, he listened to them all, some of them were trustful while others were liars and weaker the litterateurs ,the tellers and the bibliographers, such as Maslama Bin Muharib (tutor of Jafar Bin Abi Jafar AL- Mansour) to Wh0111158 narrations were attributed .And 98 narrations were attributed to Sohim Bin hfis (Abo AL-ykazan) in 290 hijri ,And 52 narrations were attributed to Yazeed Bin Juodaba in 147 Hijri ,And52 narrations were attributed Ali Bin Mojahed Bin Mossalam AL-Kabli in 157 Hijri ,and Lout Bin Mokhannaf Al.-Azdi in 157 hijriand others. Agroup of Major narrators and historians were educated by Al-Mada 'ni. He had a ring, his students used to sit in narrating his books and discssing them, among them were Al-Basn.Al-Madani, Al.-shami andAlmasri and others. Most of them were classifiers and tellers.the most famous of his students whom he narrated, 11msOmr bin shebbha bn obeid bin Reeta Al-Nimri in 262 Hijri, /0 whom about 228 narration s were attributed, And Hammed bin AL- Alhareth Al-karaz 258 hijri to whom about 178 narration s were attributed. besides Al-Murdfat book. And AL hasan bin Al-mutawakel in 291 hijri . AL- Tazi book with 154 narration were attributed to him. And Ahmed bin obi khauthema , zuheir bin Harb bin Shaddad in 279 hijri ,96 narrations were attributed to him. And khlifa bin khayt bin abi obeyed AL- osfari, shabbab in 240 hijrt 78 narration were attributed to him. And zabeir bin Bakar bin Abdulelah bin Thabet AL- Asdi Ai-madeini in 256 Hijri about 38 narrations were attributed to him and the others. The size of attributions narrated by him, indicated the trust he enjoyed, this let him rank scientific degree, higher than his ancestors and formers. Al-Mada 'ni style was clear and simple. He used the dialogue method in the narrations, this gave, them an attentive scientific, literary form .He was interested in the time factor, the distances, the initial of things and locations of geographical places. He also quoted from the Holy Koran, Al-Hadeeth, the poetry and reconciliation treaties in most of his narrations to fix or to reject a particular news. With his abundant narration, Al-Mada 'ni was able to formulate developed society in the narrative school to transfer it to the historical school. Thus he was considered as one of the earlier historians. Besides, he took interest in the nation activities and his attempt to link them with the world history in a primitive way. So, major historians who come after him, directly, such as, Al- blather in279 Hijri, and Al-tabri in 310Hijri, depended on him.