تلمسان في العهد الزياني 633 - 962هـ / 1235 - 1555م

Tulmusan included various groups of population the most important of which were the barbers who were the natives of the country. The Barbers consisted of two parts: Butiar and Baranes, and each part was divided into smaller tribes, and these tribes lived in a certain area, and so these areas were given the names of the tribes which inhabited them For example when we say ‘Kumia' we come to know that a tribe called 'Kumia' was in the place. Some of the tribes lived near Tulmusan and that created a daily relationship with the city. Each tribe had its own social and economic system as its political belonging. I In addition to the Barbers, Tulmusan included other groups, the most important one was the Arabs who come to the area during various periods starting from the Arabic and Islamic Conquests of the area (47 H) (669 AD). The Arabs consisted of natives, Saqalebah and Hilaleyyon who played an important role in turning the west into an Arabic area by spreading Arabic widely among the Barbers as well as in all the areas they inhabited. The Arabs mixed with the Barbers a lot through Islam, marriage, serving in the army and working in the country's establishments. The political relationships played a role in adding new groups to the society of Tulrnusan. For example, those escaping from Andalus due to the Spanish pressure mixed with this society as they were forced to immigrate to safer places. In addition, the Christian Europeans lived in the city, These Christians were present in the , Muwahiddi army, and later. The Zianni. army. The People of Andalus sent some European hostages to Tulniusan to express their friendly relationship with their Moroccan brothers. On the other hand, the population .of the city was influenced by the political situation, so it went up and down during the Zianni period because of Tulmusan's wars against its neighbors who sought control of Morocco. All those people mixed together and formed an Islamic society that was distinguished in the political, eco:« mical and cultural aspects. That was clear in selling up the Zianni State, which included the Barbers, and other groups who took part and excelled in its professions. The Andalussion excelled in the making of coins, the Europeans in serving the Palace; the Turks in arrow throwing while the Arabs had the most important positions in the army and government. Four groups were found in the society of Tulmusan: the merchants, craftsmen, soldiers and students and each group had its own uniform which reflected its financial level and degree of power and control. Those people gathered in certain quarters of Tulmusan and formed crafts quarters like most Islamic cities in the Medieval period.