(الولاة والعمال في الجهاز الإداري في صدر الإسلام: منذ فترة الرسول (ص) وحتى نهاية الدولة الأموية (1 - 132 هـ

This study handled the role of Alwollah and AI-omal in the administrative system in the period extending from the year 1A.H to the end of Umayyad state 132 A.H and discussed the administrative development in their role in the Persian and Byzantine era. Then it observed the administrative system, which spread through the Arabs before and after Islam. And indicated the comprehensive changes which the Umayyad state made on the administrative role to Alwollah and AI-omal to what harmonises the large administrative development which was caused by it. The study reviewed the historical juristic, geographical, literary, linguistic references, translations, classes and origins, things which the message benefited from it directly or indirectly and covered the social, economic and political sides and studies these sources and analyzed their novels and the backgrounds of their novelists. The study clarified that the origin of the administrative system in Islam refers to the system which spread through Persia, Egypt and Syria in the Persian and Byzantine era, as the days went by, some changes took place on these systems with some alterations and regulation to harmonize the social and economic development which the Islamic society witnessed. The study showed that the tribe formed the main social Unity before Islam and it was interested in showing its administrative function which aimed at serving the members of the tribe and raise their situation socially and politically. with the appearance of Islam the administrative functions became to serve the principles of the new religion. The study showed that the Umayyads have made fundamental Changes on the administrative system which spread through Or the dox era, as a result of wildness of the conquest movement , and the increase of the numbers of the falling under the Islamic religion and their willingness in giving their system a new diminsion, gives the Arabs a distinction in their political and administrative role alike. The study also proved the bases which the caliphs adopted in appointing AI-Omal and AI-Wollah on the cities and towns, including: relationship, social relation which keeps the caliphs in touch with AI-Wollah and Al-Oma! social honour, relationship by marriage , efficiency , fear of God played an Important role in it too. The study showed that the policy of AI-Wollah and the a administrative AI-Omal wasn't in favour of the inhabitants but it was in favors of the state and its political and economic priorities, and so their policy was distinguished by cruelty at the aim of the state regardless of the possibilities of the inhabitants and their abilities. This policy can be considered as one of the most important factors which shows some defects of the policy of Alwollah and the administrative AI-omal, a thing that can be noted through the complaints which some people sent to the caliphs, condemning the work of their Wollah and AI-omal. The study reviewed the economical possibilities of Alwollah hand Alomal taking advantage of their jobs in domination and obtaining wealth as large royalty which they obtained by means of force, theft, purchace, and the evacuation of farmers their lands ( Alilja ) . In addition to taking advantage of their jobs in the work of trade. . The study observed the gifts, presents, grants which Alwollah and Alomal took from the caliphs and the inhabitants a thing that enabled them to gain cause of wealth and possession and this finally increased their social and economic force. The study showed the observation which the state imposed on Alwollah and AI-omal and means of calling; them to account. It is an observation which was distinguished by variety, and its intension was connected with the relation of the state and its interest in them.