اثر تدريب طالبات الصف العاشر الأساسي على مهارات حل المسالة الرياضية وفق نموذج بوليا في المدارس الحكومية في مدينة نابلس

Mathematics is considered the primary basis for other sciences Both teachers and students of mathematics alike face difficulties in teaching or learning mathematics, hence, the aim of this study was directed at investigating certain methods and means that could be learned, to raise the level of students, abilities to solve mathematical problems. The study attempted to give answers to many questions, related to the extent of the effect of training female students of the formal type Thinking of thinking and of the concrete type of thinking upon the skills of problem solving in thinking upon the skills of problem solving in raising their abilities to solve the mat he matical problems, and measuring the extent of training in both levels, formal and concrete. The sample of the study consisted of (48) female students from Kamal Junblatt School for Girls in the City of Nablus, who were selected randomly; the students in two different classrooms were tested by shayer test in reasoning skills, thay were classified according to their responses into three levels: the level of formal type of thinking, the level of the concrete type of thinking, and a third level which was middle between the two types. One of the divisions was selected randomly to be the experimental group, and the other one a control group; one teacher tough both group, the subject of training was the seventh unit in the text book of the sullabus of the tenth grade; the teacher was provided with the necessary training material for the experimental group, stipulating that she teaches according to the steps, procedures, and skills which the researches formulated i.e. understanding the problem, planning the solution, execution of the solution, evaluating the solution regarding its reasonableness, which are the same skills proposed by same educational scholars like George Polya and charles. After the completion of training which continued for three weeks, the students were subjected to, in both the control and experimental groups, to an achievement test, which was designed to measure the level of ability of students in solving problems. The study, after making statistical analysis of the data with t - test (level of significance α = 0.05) revealed that students from the formal type of thinking were more able to solve mathematical problems, and that students who were trained in the skills of problem solving in each of the two levels: formal and concrete, were more able than those who were not trained in the skills of problem solving, and that training proved to be distinctly effective with the students from the formal type of thinking in comparison with the students from the concrete type of thinking. The study was in agreement with previous educational studies, it came out with pe commendations of the necessity of adopting the method of steps (skills) in the problem solving in mathematics in the school syllabus, and holding courses and seminars for teachers about the skills of problem solving in mathematics.