Taxes in the Arab Peninsula : A genealocal Study of Taxes from An Islamic Perspective

In my research, I tackled taxes payed by Arabs before Islamic regime and Islam’s attitude towards it. I also considered taxes in the Peninsula before Islam, Persian, Roman, Sasani and Byzantine state, Ghassani and Manatherah whether direct or indirect interests all which supported the financial and taxies sector in these states. Concerning Arabs of the north, researches has proved the existence of “tariffs” “the tenth” and poll-tax “Al-Jesyeh”, in addition to animal and agricultural another taxes. Concerning Arabs of the south and the heritage of the pre-Islamic period shows that Arab kings of Yeman, “Kindeh” and "Hadramout" imposed taxes in the 6th century A-D on Arab tribes controlled by them. Such taxes included trade, profits and the "transit" tax. In the Islamic period, the research shows the view of Islam towards taxes aiming at knowing the historical roots of this view in the days of the prophet (May God's blessing and praise be upon him) whether those taxes were obligatory, voluntary or alms imposed on non-Muslims. It seems that Islam has recognized the negative attitudes of Arab tribes concerning taxes. Consequently, it cancelled it and changed its concept and quantity; it suggested substitute Islamic ones such as alms and charity acknowledging the tribal attitude towards taxes which were imposed on the non-Muslims.