The Economic and Social life in Jenin city From (1281 Hijre-1864 AD/1337 Hijre-1918 AD)

The name of Jenin city is repeated in several sources, including the Bible, and was called by "Ein Ganim", and changed its name several times between the name of Jena and Jnay, which was called it in the Roman Period. and called Jenin in the Islamic Covenant and it was mentioned in all the Islamic sources. Jenin was called in the crusader occupation (Grand Grin), with the passage of time and the return of Islamic rule was called Jenin, and delete the latter (E) from the first, and changes its name is to reflect the multiple nature of the city and it was famous in gardens, vegetables and trees. The town lies at the confluence of the end of the northern highlands of the mountains of Nablus, in the interface between Marj Bin Amer, and this slope area of 60 dunums, the city has witnessed inertial conflicted of impact that a change in its population with a stable central government and the abolition of the death of local leaders. The town lies at an altitude between 125 meters 225 meters, surrounded by all of the highland, and this makes it different in its climate of the rest of Palestine which is belong to the Mediterranean climate, with the advantage of winter colder than the winter of the cost, and a long hot summer and dry , and the climate of the city is winter rainfall so as to link with the low marine that came from the west and south west . The availability of water has an impact on its inception, and there are three sources: Surface water which available in the valleys and the best known Jenin vally, Izz al Din, Khrobh and Belame. underground water, which depends on the springs and it is the most important called eye of town, which are considered among the main sources in feeding the city, and Ein Ninne, Al shareef and Al shareef. The third sources is groundwater wells, has been shown through research that it was a sources of supply water to the city since ancient times, however, the less due to environmental factors, including wells and Belame vally, in the era of search drilling of these wells is people in their homes because they relied on the eyes water were taking place between the houses, as was mentioned records Taboo and the judicial court in the city. The population number was changed as a result of the city from the scourge of wars, epidemics, famine and locust attacks and drought and floods, has been location was an important factor in this. The administrative side had a significant impact on the population and based in the city and the movement of some residents of neighboring villages as a result of organize it and provide jobs and employment opportunities, and the administrative configurations have changed from time to time, depending on the circumstances the state. It was the beginning of the study as a result of the regulations have become a supplement of juvenile brigade of Nablus and in the year 1300- 1882, and ended up at the end of the Turkish rule with the rank of the judiciary, and passed through the dependence of the two phases, first to Damascus and then moved to become a juvenile in the Nablus district in the mandate of Beirut when the need arises for a second mandate and the work of the conduct of civil affairs in an orderly fashion, starting (Alqaimqam) the commander, through (Almkatir) who had a role in reporting what is happening such as the marriage, divorce and death and beside Al Ekhtyaryeea council. The work of the council of the administration of justice so solve all the problems faced by people and organized of the city led by (Alqaimqam) the commander, beside of the municipal council, which also contributed to the organization of water distribution and collection of fines offenders and maintenance of roads. Regarding to the military body, have been identified the importance of the army and length of service, and the importance of the security forces in maintaining order, protecting the city's population and the roads leading to it, whether police or gendarmerie. The research focused on the legitimacy of the judicial courts that have addressed all the issues of Muslims from the sale and purchase, donations, endowments, marriage, divorce, trusteeship and agency, and some cases of non Muslims, despite the existence of the regular courts which has worked to resolve trade issues and human rights, criminal, and in particular the beginning and the magistrates court, and in particular that the affairs of the city was organized by this body. The economic life in the city during the study period, land law issued in 1275/1858 was divided into five sections, as the following: 1. public lands: owned by the state, and oversees the management of the Sultan, or on its behalf, including grazing and forests lands. 2. owned lands: owned by the individuals, and the owners right to dispose of them, as selling, and mortgage, and inheritance, such as decimal, Arasat road and screened and Kherajip lands. 3. Suspended lands: The owner stopped by and spotted the proceeds to a certain. revenues under the auspices of the religious establishment, including the cessation charity, caps, and was a correct or an incorrect. 4. Abandoned lands: The lands abandoned by the state for the benefit of the population, and are not under the provisions of the personal disposition, as, selling and buying the gift and the mortgage. 5. Lands of the dead: which does not belong to anyone, and are far from population centers, a land that is not heard the cry of the general public after a man owned land. The types of properties have been shown, divided into two section: the top owners such as the family of Abdul Hadi, which exceeded the ownership of 500 000 acres in various regions of Marj Bin Amer and Jenin district, and the center and small landowners, and we have a book as an example of Abba village. The research focused on agriculture and the factors affecting positively and negatively, such as climate, precipitation and temperature and water availability, and the locusts and alarm the public and the agricultural bank, and stop on the patterns of ministry, such as the ideal Alemaraba and leasing, as well as the most important tools and plow. The research talked about the living conditions research such as commodity prices and its markets, weights and balances, and types of currency in circulation of domestic and foreign means of transport and communication, where the adopted animals in the transfer of goods and seasonal labor in addition to the real way that helped the prosperity of the city, and the interest of state by mail, telegram to impose control over all areas. In social life, the society was divvied into two classes: class of owners and class of gardeners, which formed the bulk of the population, had been working in the service of the owners. Education limited to certain families, such as Azouka and Abdel- Hadi families, and the deterioration of health status because of pollution and not cleaning, and the role of women in economic life as it stood by the man, in spite of the unjust in marriage and divorce. The research focused on the social habits of early marriage, disease, throw construction, death, dress and traditions followed in the festivals and religious events and food and drink. The research in this context depend on the court record s the legitimate child in the event of separation or death of one of the parents, and types of agencies, public absolute, periodic public, and for absolute. It is through the study of social status showed the reflection of the situation and components of the buildings and their components and materials used.