Effects of Nutrients and Salinity on Yields, Growth, and Nutrients distribution of Faba Beans Grown in Hydroponics System

Broad bean-Faba bean-(Vicia faba L.), one of the cultivated species of the family Fabaceae, is grown in nearly every part of Palestine. The importance of this study is to focus on important source of animal and human food beside it use new technique in agriculture which is the hydroponics system .The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two salinity levels (4.68ds/m-1 and 7.8 ds/m-1 NaCl) and three levels of Cooper nutrients solution ( 100% .25%. 300%) on the growth, yield and nutrient distribution in three Faba Beans cultivars (Baladi, Artasi, and Isbani), were grown in a hydroponics system, the experiment were divided into six group , two group had two salinity levels (4.68ds/m-1 and 7.8 ds/m-1 NaCl) , three group had three levels of Cooper nutrients solution ( 100% .25%. 300%) , and the last one contain water only (reference), each group contain three line, in each line one cultivars nutrients solution were supplied to the three cultivars freshly twice a day. Plants parts were desiccation and burning then turn it to solution in order to use it in analysis instrument. The results indicated that Increasing Cooper concentration ,increase plant height, leaves area, number of leaves, and number of pods, but decreased root length in the three cultivars .It was found that there is no significant different between (25% and 100%) cooper solution in vegetative growth, while in 300% cooper solution ,there is a significant decrease in vegetative growth in the three cultivars ,but the three cultivars didn’t produce pods, because plants died before reaching the flowering stage .Results show that application of Sodium chloride (4.68ds/m-1) causes reductions in plant height, number of leaves, leaves area, and number of pods, but increasing the root length .while application (7.8 ds/m-1) NaCl cause death in the flowering stage so that plants didn’t produce pods. However, there is a decrease in plant height, number of leaves, leaves area, but significantly decrease root length. There is no significant difference found between (4.68ds/m-1 and 7.8 ds/m-1 NaCl) in vegetative growth except no of pods and roots length . The result indicates that increased significantly in fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth in the three cultivars ,compared to the control ,when handled with cooper solutions, where there is no significant difference between 25% and 100% cooper solution .Application4.68ds/m-1 NaCl increased both fresh and dry weights of the shoot, roots, leaves and pods compared to the control ,but this increase not significantly. According to the flame photometer (FP), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses of three cultivars were it include four lines (line 1,2,3 and 5), line 1(100% cooper solution) recorded highest amount of NO3, SO4, PO4, K ,Zn, Mn ,Mo .compared to other lines. Line 2(25% cooper solution) show decrease in nutrients content, although there is no significant difference found in nutrients content between line 1 and 2,in line 3(4.68ds/m-1 NaCl) there is significant increase found in Na and Cl and increase not significant in some nutrients compared to control line(line 5) like Mn,Cu,SO4,NO3,PO4. Other nutrients like Cu, Mg didn’t show significant difference between lines .Ca increased in line 5 and 3 but decreased in line 1and 2, no significant difference between cultivars in the lines was found. According to nutrients distribution in Faba bean parts for the three cultivars the result shows increasing nutrients in the roots like SO4,Fe,Zn,Mn,Mo ,some nutrients show an increase in roots and leaves as: Mg ,Cu,NO3, while Na and Cl accumulates in the roots and shoots, PO4 accumulate in roots and pods, in addition to, Calcium(Ca) increased was found accumulate in leaves ,result show there is no significant different between nutrients in the three cultivars of Faba bean parts. Its concluding that the effect of nutrients on Faba beans has been positive, where it increase vegetative growth and yield , but increase nutrients over a certain limit cause negative effects on vegetative growth and yield. And so vegetative growth and yields of Faba beans have been negatively affected by salinity . Also , it concludes that Baladi. and Isbani was slightly more resistance to salinity that might be a good choice to grow where the soils affected by NaCl at moderate stress levels . Hydroponics systems are a new method of agriculture in many areas in the world ,so its need for application this systems on a large scale in Palestine, and Faba bean one of the plants that recommended to grow in it .